Blond Psyllium: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

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Cavaliere H, Floriano I, Medeiros-Neto G. Gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat may be prevented by concomitant prescription of natural fibers (psyllium mucilloid). Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2001;25:1095-9. View abstract.

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Daggy BP, O'Connell NC, Jerdack GR, et al. Additive hypocholesterolemic effect of psyllium and cholestyramine in the hamster: influence on fecal sterol and bile acid profiles. J Lipid Res 1997;38:491-502.. View abstract.

Davidson MH, Dugan LD, Burns JH, et al. A psyllium-enriched cereal for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children: a controlled, double-blind, crossover study. Am J Clin Nutr 1996;63:96-102. View abstract.

Davidson MH, Maki KC, Kong JC, et al. Long-term effects of consuming foods containing psyllium seed husk on serum lipids in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:367-76. View abstract.

Dennison BA, Levine DM. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover clinical trial of psyllium fiber in children with hypercholesterolemia. J Pediatr 1993;123:24-9. View abstract.

Dettmar PW, Sykes J. A multi-centre, general practice comparison of ispaghula husk with lactulose and other laxatives in the treatment of simple constipation. Curr Med Res Opin. 1998;14(4):227-33. View abstract.

Eherer AJ, Santa Ana CA, Porter J, Fordtran JS. Effect of psyllium, calcium polycarbophil, and wheat bran on secretory diarrhea induced by phenolphthalein. Gastroenterology 1993;104:1007-12. View abstract.

Ejderhamn J, Hedenborg G, Strandvik B. Long-term double-blind study on the influence of dietary fibres on faecal bile acid excretion in juvenile ulcerative colitis. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1992;52:697-706.. View abstract.

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Everson GT, Daggy BP, McKinley C, Story JA. Effects of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid on LDL-cholesterol and bile acid synthesis in hypercholesterolemic men. J Lipid Res 1992;33:1183-92.. View abstract.

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FDA, Ctr Food Safety, Applied Nutr. FDA allows foods containing psyllium to make health claim on reducing risk of heart disease. Available at: http://vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/tpsylliu.html

Fernandez R, Phillips SF. Components of fiber bind iron in vitro. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:100-6. View abstract.

Fernandez R, Phillips SF. Components of fiber impair iron absorption in the dog. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:107-12. View abstract.

Fernandez-Banares F, Hinojosa J, Sanchez-Lombrana JL, et al. Randomized clinical trial of Plantago ovata seeds (dietary fiber) as compared with mesalamine in maintaining remission in ulcerative colits (GETECCU). Am J Gastroenterol 1999;94:427-33. View abstract.

Flannery J, Raulerson A. Hypercholesterolemia: a look at low-cost treatment and treatment adherence. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2000;12:462-6. View abstract.

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Ford AC1, Talley NJ, Spiegel BM, et al. Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2008 Nov 13;337:a2313. View abstract.

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Frati Munari AC, Benitez Pinto W, Raul Ariza Andraca C, Casarrubias M. Lowering glycemic index of food by acarbose and Plantago psyllium mucilage. Arch Med Res 1998;29:137-41. View abstract.

Freeman GL. Psyllium hypersensitivity. Ann Allergy 1994;73:490-2. View abstract.

Fujimori S, Tatsuguchi A, Gudis K, et al. High dose probiotic and prebiotic cotherapy for remission induction of active Crohn's disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Aug;22(8):1199-204. View abstract.

Ganji V, Kies CV. Psyllium husk fibre supplementation to soybean and coconut oil diets of humans: effect on fat digestibility and faecal fatty acid excretion. Eur J Clin Nutr 1994;48:595-7. View abstract.

Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, Diez MJ, et al. Influence of two dietary fibers in the oral bioavailability and other pharmaco*kinetic parameters of ethinyloestradiol. Contraception 2000;62:253-7. View abstract.

Gelissen IC, Brodie B, Eastwood MA. Effect of Plantago ovata (psyllium) husk and seeds on sterol metabolism: studies in normal and ileostomy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 194;59:395-400. View abstract.

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Gupta RR, Agrawal CG, Singh CP, Ghatak A. Lipid-lowering efficacy of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid in non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with hyperlipidaemia. Indian J Med Res 1994;100:237-41. View abstract.

Hallert C, Kaldma M, Petersson BG. Ispaghula husk may relieve gastrointestinal symptoms in ulcerative colitis in remission. Scand J Gastroenterol 1991;26:747-50.. View abstract.

Heather DJ, Howell L, Montana M, et al. Effect of a bulk-forming cathartic on diarrhea in tube-fed patients. Heart Lung 1991;20:409-13. View abstract.

Hendricks KM, Dong KR, Tang AM, et al. High-fiber diet in HIV-positive men is associated with lower risk of developing fat deposition. Am J Clin Nutr 2003;78:790-5. View abstract.

Ho Y, Tan M, Seow-Choen F. Micronized purified flavonidic fraction compared favorably with rubber band ligation and fiber alone in the management of bleeding hemorrhoids. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:66-9. View abstract.

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Jalihal A, Kurian G. Ispaghula therapy in irritable bowel syndrome: improvement in overall well-being is related to reduction bowel dissatisfaction. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1990;5:507-13. View abstract.

James JM, Cooke SK, Barnett A, Sampson HA. Anaphylactic reactions to a psyllium-containing cereal. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;88:402-8.. View abstract.

Jarjis HA, Blackburn NA, Redfern JS, Read NW. The effect of ispaghula (Fybogel and Metamucil) and guar gum on glucose tolerance in man. Br J Nutr 1984;51:371-8.. View abstract.

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Axelsen M, et al. Viscous and nonviscous fibres, nonabsorbable and low glycaemic index carbohydrates, blood lipids and coronary heart disease. Curr Opin Lipidol 2000;11:49-56. View abstract.

Jenkins DJ, Kendall CW, Vuksan V. Viscous fibers, health claims, and strategies to reduce cardiovascular disease risk. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:401-2. View abstract.

Jenkins DJ, Wolever TM, Vidgen E, et al. Effect of psyllium in hypercholesterolemia at two monosaturated fatty acid intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1997;65:1524-33. View abstract.

Jensen CD, Haskell W, Whittam JH. Long-term effects of water-soluble dietary fiber in the management of hypercholesterolemia in healthy men and women. Am J Cardiol 1997;79:34-7. View abstract.

Jensen CD, Spiller GA, Gates JE, et al. The effect of acacia gum and a water-soluble dietary fiber mixture on blood lipids in humans. J Am Coll Nutr 1993;12:147-54. View abstract.

Kaplan MJ. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1072-3. View abstract.

Khossousi A, Binns CW, Dhaliwal SS, Pal S. The acute effects of psyllium on postprandial lipaemia and thermogenesis in overweight and obese men. Br J Nutr 2008;99:1068-75. View abstract.

Kumar A, Kumar N, Vij JC, et al. Optimum dosage of ispaghula husk in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: correlation of symptom relief with whole gut transit time and stool weight. Gut 1987;28:150-5. View abstract.

Kwiterovich PO. The role of fiber in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 1995;96:1005-9. View abstract.

Lantner RR, Espiritu BR, Zumerchik P, Tobin MC. Anaphylaxis following ingestion of a psyllium-containing cereal. JAMA 1990;264:2534-6. View abstract.

Leathwood PD, Chauffard F, Heck E, Munoz-Box R. Aqueous extract of valerian root (Valeriana officinalis L.) improves sleep quality in man. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1982;17:65-71. View abstract.

Lerman Garber I, Lagunas M, Sienra Perez JC, et al. The effect of psyllium plantago in slightly to moderately hypercholesterolemic patients. Arch Inst Cardiol Mex 1990;60:535-9. View abstract.

Levin EG, Miller VT, Muesing RA, et al. Comparison of psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid and cellulose as adjuncts to a prudent diet in the treatment of mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med 1990;150:1822-7. View abstract.

Little P, Trafford L. Dietary fibre and renal failure: comparison of sterculia and ispaghula. Clin Nephrol 1991;36:309. View abstract.

Longstreth GF, Fox DD, Youkeles L, et al. Psyllium therapy in the irritable bowel syndrome. A double-blind trial. Ann Intern Med 1981;95:53-6. View abstract.

Maciejko JJ, Brazg R, Shah A, et al. Psyllium for the reduction of cholestyramine-associated gastrointestinal symptoms in the treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. Arch Fam Med 1994;3:955-60.. View abstract.

MacMahon M, Carless J. Ispaghula husk in the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind controlled study. J Cardiovasc Risk. 1998 Jun;5:167-72. View abstract.

Marlett JA, Kajs TM, Fischer MH. An unfermented gel component of psyllium seed husk promotes laxation as a lubricant in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;72:784-9. View abstract.

Marlett JA, Li BU, Patrow CJ, Bass P. Comparative laxation of psyllium with and without senna in an ambulatory constipated population. Am J Gastroenterol 1987;82:333-7. View abstract.

Marteau P, Flourie B, Cherbut C, et al. Digestibility and bulking effect of ispaghula husks in healthy humans. Gut 1994;35:1747-52.. View abstract.

McRorie JW, Daggy BP, Morel JG, et al. Psyllium is superior to docusate sodium for treatment of chronic constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 1998;12:491-7.. View abstract.

Misra SP, Thorat VK, Sachdev GK, Anand BS. Long-term treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a randomized controlled trial. Q J Med 1989:73:931-9. View abstract.

Moesgaard F, Nielsen ML, Hansen JB, et al. High-fiber diet reduces bleeding and pain in patients with hemorrhoids: a double-blind trial of Vi-Siblin. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982 Jul-Aug;25(5):454-6. View abstract.

Moreyra AE, Wilson AC, Koraym A. Effect of Combining Psyllium Fiber With Simvastatin in Lowering Cholesterol. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:1161-6. View abstract.

Morgan MS, Arlian LG, Vyszenski-Moher DL, et al. English plantain and psyllium: lack of cross-allergenicity by crossed immunoelectrophoresis. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1995;75:351-9. View abstract.

Neal GW, Balm TK. Synergistic effects of psyllium in the dietary treatment of hypercholesterolemia. South Med J 1990;83:1131-7. View abstract.

Nigam P, Kapoor KK, Rastog CK, et al. Different therapeutic regimens in irritable bowel syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India. 1984 Dec;32(12):1041-4. View abstract.

Nordstrom M, Melander A, Robertsson E, Steen B. Influence of wheat bran and of a bulk-forming ispaghula cathartic on the bioavailability of digoxin in geriatric in-patients. Drug Nutr Interact 1987;5:67-9.. View abstract.

Odes HS, Madar Z. A double-blind trial of a celandin, aloevera and psyllium laxative preparation in adult patients with constipation. Digestion. 1991;49(2):65-71.View abstract.

Olson BH, Anderson SM, Becker MP, et al. Psyllium-enriched cereals lower blood total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, but not HDL cholesterol, in hypercholesterolemic adults: results of a meta-analysis. J Nutr 1997;127:1973-80. View abstract.

Pal S, Khossousi A, Binns C, et al. The effect of a fibre supplement compared to a healthy diet on body composition, lipids, glucose, insulin and other metabolic syndrome risk factors in overweight and obese individuals. Br J Nutr 2011;105:90-100. View abstract.

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Pastors JG, Blaisdell PW, Balm TK, et al. Psyllium fiber reduces rise in postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 1991;53:1431-5. View abstract.

Perez-Miranda M, Gomez-Cedenilla A, León-Colombo T, et al. Effect of fiber supplements on internal bleeding hemorrhoids. Hepatogastroenterology. 1996 Nov-Dec;43(12):1504-7. View abstract.

Perlman BB. Interaction between lithium salts and ispaghula husk. Lancet 1990;335:416. View abstract.

Prior A, Whorwell PJ. Double blind study of ispaghula in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1987;28:1510-3. View abstract.

Quitadamo P, Coccorullo P, Giannetti E, et al. A randomized, prospective, comparison study of a mixture of acacia fiber, psyllium fiber, and fructose vs polyethylene glycol 3350 with electrolytes for the treatment of chronic functional constipation in childhood. J Pediatr. 2012 Oct;161(4):710-5.e1. View abstract.

Qvitzau S, Matzen P, Madsen P. Treatment of chronic diarrhoea: loperamide versus ispaghula husk and calcium. Scand J Gastroenterol 1988;23:1237-40. View abstract.

Ritchie JA, Truelove SC. Treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with lorazepam, hyoscine butylbromide, and ispaghula husk. Br Med J. 1979 Feb 10;1(6160):376-8. View abstract.

Roberts DC, Truswell AS, Bencke A, et al. The cholesterol-lowering effect of a breakfast cereal containing psyllium fibre. Med J Aust 1994;161:660-4. View abstract.

Robinson DS, Benjamin DM, McCormack JJ. Interaction of warfarin and nonsystemic gastrointestinal drugs. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1971;12:491-5. View abstract.

Rodriguez-Moran M, Guerrero-Romero F, Lazcano-Burciaga G. Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 1998;12:273-8. View abstract.

Roe DA, Kalkwarf H, Stevens J. Effect of fiber supplements on the apparent absorption of pharmacological doses of riboflavin. J Am Diet Assoc 1988;88:211-3.. View abstract.

Romero AL, Romero JE, Galaviz S, Fernandez ML. Cookies enriched with psyllium or oat bran lower plasma LDL cholesterol in normal and hypercholesterolemic men from Northern Mexico. J Am Coll Nutr 1998;17:601-8. View abstract.

Rossander L. Effect of dietary fiber on iron absorption in man. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1987;129:68-72.. View abstract.

Sartore G1, Reitano R, Barison A, et al. The effects of psyllium on lipoproteins in type II diabetic patients. View abstract.

Schaller DR. Anaphylactic reaction to "Heartwise." N Engl J Med 1990;323:1073.

Schectman G, Hiatt J, Hartz A. Evaluation of the effectiveness of lipid-lowering therapy (bile acid sepquestrants, niacin, psyllium and lovastatin) for treating hypercholesterolemia in veterans. Am J Cardiol 1993;71:759-65. View abstract.

Schneider RP. Perdiem causes esophageal impaction and bezoars. South Med J 1989;82:1449-50. View abstract.

Schwesinger WH, Kurtin WE, Page CP, et al. Soluble dietary fiber protects against cholesterol gallstone formation. Am J Surg 1999;177:307-10. View abstract.

Segawa K, Kataoka T, f*ckuo Y. Cholesterol-lowering effects of psyllium seed associated with urea metabolism. Biol Pharm Bull 1998;21:184-7. View abstract.

Shrestha S, Volek JS, Udani J, et al. A combination therapy including psyllium and plant sterols lowers LDL cholesterol by modifying lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic individuals. J Nutr 2006;136:2492-7. View abstract.

Shulman LM, Minagar A, Weiner WJ. Perdiem causing esophageal obstruction in Parkinson's disease. Neurology 1999;52:670-1. View abstract.

Sierra M, Garcia JJ, Fernandez N, et al. Therapeutic effects of psyllium in type 2 diabetic patients. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56:830-42. View abstract.

Spence JD, Huff MW, Heidenheim P, et al. Combination therapy with colestipol and psyllium mucilloid in patients with hyperlipidemia. Ann Intern Med 1995;123:493-9. View abstract.

Sprecher DL, Harris BV, Goldberg AC, et al. Efficacy of psyllium in reducing serum cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic patients on high- or low-fat diets. Ann Intern Med 1993;119:545-54. View abstract.

Stoy DB, LaRosa JC, Brewer BK, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effects of ready-to-eat cereal containing psyllium. J Am Diet Assoc 1993;93:910-2. View abstract.

Strommen GL, Dorworth TE, Walker PR, et al. Treatment of suspected postcholecystectomy diarrhea with psyllium hydrophilic mucilloid. Clin Pharm 1990;9:206-8. View abstract.

Suhonen R, Kantola I, Bjorksten F. Anaphylactic shock due to ingestion of psyllium laxative. Allergy 1983;38:363-5. View abstract.

Summerbell CD, Manley P, Barnes D, Leeds A. The effects of psyllium on blood lipids in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Journal Of Human Nutrition & Dietetics. 1994:7:147-151.

Tai ES, Fok AC, Chu R, Tan CE. A study to assess the effect of dietary supplementation with soluble fibre (Minolest) on lipid levels in normal subjects with hypercholesterolaemia. Ann Acad.Med Singapore 1999;28:209-213. View abstract.

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Turnbull WH, Thomas HG. The effect of Plantago ovate seed containing preparation on appetite variables, nutrient and energy intake. Int J Obese Relat Metab Disord 1995;19:338-42. View abstract.

Uribe M, Dibildox M, Malpica S, et al. Beneficial effect of vegetable protein diet supplemented with psyllium plantago in patients with hepatic encephalopathy and diabetes mellitus (abstract). Gastroenterology 1985;88:901-7. View abstract.

Vaswani SK, Hamilton RG, Valentine MD, Adkinson NF. Psyllium laxative-induced anaphylaxis, asthma, and rhinitis. Allergy 1996;51:266-8. View abstract.

Washington N, Harris M, Mussellwhite A, Spiller RC. Moderation of lactulose-induced diarrhea by psyllium: effects on motility and fermentation. Am J Clin Nutr 1998;67:317-21. View abstract.

Wei ZH, Wang H, Chen XY, et al. Time- and dose-dependent effect of psyllium on serum lipids in mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolemia: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2009 Jul;63:821-7. View abstract.

Weingand KW, Le NA, Kuzmak BR, et al. Effects of psyllium on cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein metabolism in subjects with hypercholesterolemia. Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997;4:141-50.

Williams CL, Bollella M, Spark A, Puder D. Soluble fiber enhances the hypocholesterolemic effect of the step I diet in childhood. J Am Coll Nutr 1995;14:251-7. View abstract.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Mueller S, et al. Method of administration influences the serum cholesterol-lowering effect of psyllium. Am J Clin Nutr 1994;59:1055-9. View abstract.

Wolever TM, Jenkins DJ, Mueller S, et al. Psyllium reduces blood lipids in men and women with hyperlipidemia. Am J Med Sci 1994;307:269-73. View abstract.

Wolever TM, Robb PA. Effect of guar, pectin, psyllium, soy polysaccharide, and cellulose on breath hydrogen and methane in healthy subjects. Am J Gastroenterol 1992:87:305-10. View abstract.

Wolever TM, ter Wal P, Spadafora P, Robb P. Guar, but not psyllium, increases breath methane and serum acetate concentrations in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55:719-22. View abstract.

Wolever TM, Vuksan V, Eshuis H, et al. Effect of method of administration of psyllium on glycemic response and carbohydrate digestibility. J Am Coll Nutr 1991;10:364-71. View abstract.

Ziai SA, Larijani B, Akhoondzadeh S, et al. Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005 Nov 14;102(2):202-7. View abstract.

Blond Psyllium: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

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