DermNet® - Lettuce (2024)

DermNet® - Lettuce (1)

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Lettuce — extra information

Synonyms:

Lactuca sativa

Categories:

Reactions

ICD-11:

4A85.22, 4A85.2Z, 4A85.2Y

SNOMED CT:

21509009, 238578002, 422076005

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Reactions


Author: Hon A/ProfMarius Rademaker, Dermatologist, Hamilton, New Zealand, 2002.

Common name:

Lettuce

Botanical name:

Lactuca sativa (milk sap)

Family:

Asteraceae (Compositae)

Origin:

Lettuce originates from the wild Lactuca serriola found in the Mediterranean and Near East (Persia).

Description:

All lettuce cultivars such as Cos, Leaf, Butterhead and Iceberg are regarded as being variants of Lactuca sativa. Lettuce has been transformed from an erect plant with bitter leaves to various cultivars including ones with distinctive heads of chlorophyll deficient leaves. The common and Latin name derive from the milky sap (latex) found in all parts of the plane lac, lactis = milk. The latex has a milky sedative effect and lettuce has been grown as an herb. Note: there is no cross-reaction between lettuce latex and natural rubber latex.

DermNet® - Lettuce (10)

Uses:

A large number of different cultivars of lettuce have been bred and are now grown all over the World, mainly for use in salads.

Allergens:

Lactucin, lactucopicrin (?sesquiterpenes)

Allergy:

Lettuce is an occasional cause of allergic contact dermatitis particularly in food handlers, chefs and market gardeners. It tends to cause hand dermatitis, which spreads up the forearms. Unfortunately immediate hypersensitivity to lettuce has also been reported. This includes Urticaria and life threatening anaphylaxis. The allergy seems to cross react with chicory and endives so these vegetables may need to be avoided as well. It is a form of Compositae allergy so may also cross react with other members of this large plant family.

Cross reactions:

Chicory and endives

Other information:

Paintings of what appear to be Cos Lettuce have been found in Egyptian tombs dating back to as early as 4500 BC although there is some uncertainty about their identity. The first authenticated records of cultivated lettuce date back to Greek historical records in 450 BC. In the first century AD the Romans were growing a number of different cultivars.

Patch test:

Leaf as is, sesquiterpene lactone mix

References

  • San Miguel-Moncin M, Krail M, Scheurer S, Enrique E, Alonso R, Conti A, Cistero-Bahima A, Vieths S. Lettuce anaphylaxis: identification of a lipid transfer protein as the major allergen. Allergy. 2003 Jun;58(6):511-7.
  • Pelsser LM, Buitelaar JK. [Favourable effect of a standard elimination diet on the behavior of young children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a pilot study]. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2002 Dec 28;146(52):2543-7. Dutch.
  • Birmingham N, Thanesvorakul S, Gangur V. Relative immunogenicity of commonly allergenic foods versus rarely allergenic and nonallergenic foods in mice. Food Prot. 2002 Dec;65(12):1988-91.
  • Avila Castanon L, Perez Lopez J, del Rio Navarro BE, Rosas Vargas MA, Lerma Ortiz L, Sienra Monge JJ. [Hypersensitivity detected by skin tests to food in allergic patients in the Hospital Infantil de Mexico Federico Gomez.]. Rev Alerg Mex. 2002 May-Jun;49(3):74-9. Spanish.
  • Enrique E, Cistero-Bahima A, Bartolome B, Alonso R, San Miguel-Moncin MM, Bartra J, Martinez A. Platanus acerifolia pollinosis and food allergy. Allergy. 2002 Apr;57(4):351-6.
  • Paulsen E, Andersen KE, Hausen BM. Sensitization and cross-reaction patterns in Danish Compositae-allergic patients. Contact Dermatitis. 2001 Oct;45(4):197-204.
  • Beezhold DH, Reschke JE, Allen JH, Kostyal DA, Sussman GL. Latex protein: a hidden "food" allergen? Asthma Proc. 2000 Sep-Oct;21(5):301-6.
  • Franck P, Kanny G, Dousset B, Nabet P, Moneret-Vautrin DA. Lettuce allergy. Allergy. 2000 Feb;55(2):201-2.
  • Escudero A, Bartolome B, Sanchez-Guerrero IM, Palacios R. Lettuce and chicory sensitization. Allergy. 1999 Feb;54(2):183-4.
  • Vila L, Sanchez G, Sanz ML, Dieguez I, Martinez A, Palacios R, Martinez J. Study of a case of hypersensitivity to lettuce (Lactuca sativa). Clin Exp Allergy. 1998 Aug;28(8):1031-5.
  • Paulsen E, Sogaard J, Andersen KE. Occupational dermatitis in Danish gardeners and greenhouse workers (III). Compositae-related symptoms. Contact Dermatitis. 1998 Mar;38(3):140-6.
  • Garcia Ortiz JC, Cosmes PM, Lopez-Asunsolo A. Allergy to foods in patients monosensitized to Artemisia pollen. Allergy. 1996 Dec;51(12):927-31.
  • Kanerva L, Estlander T, Jolanki R. Occupational allergic contact dermatitis from spices. Dermatitis. 1996 Sep;35(3):157-62.
  • Cadot P, Kochuyt AM, Deman R, Stevens EA. Inhalative occupational and ingestive immediate-type allergy caused by chicory (Cichorium intybus). Clin Exp Allergy. 1996 Aug;26(8):940-4.
  • Schwartz HJ, Arnold JL, Strohl KP. Nasal response to carrot and lettuce challenge in allergic patients. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 1995 Feb;74(2):152-4.
  • Helbling A, Schwartz HJ, Lopez M, Lehrer SB. Lettuce and carrot allergy: are they related? Allergy Proc. 1994 Jan-Feb;15(1):33-8.
  • Alonso MD, Martin JA, Cuevas M, Parra F, Lezaun A, Conde Salazar L, Guimaraens MD, Losada E. Occupational protein contact dermatitis from lettuce. Contact Dermatitis. 1993 Aug;29(2):109-10.
  • Grazioli I, Melzi G, Balsamo V, Castellucci G, Castro M, Catassi C, Ratsch JM, Scotta S. [Food intolerance and irritable bowel syndrome of childhood: clinical efficacy of oral sodium cromoglycate and elimination diet]. Minerva Pediatr. 1993 Jun;45(6):253-8. Italian.
  • Oliwiecki S, Beck MH, Hausen BM. Compositae dermatitis aggravated by eating lettuce. Contact Dermatitis. 1991 Apr;24(4):318-9
  • Howland WC 3rd, Simon RA. Sulfite-treated lettuce challenges in sulfite-sensitive subjects with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989 Jun;83(6):1079-82.
  • De Luca L. [Behavior of bronchial reactivity in 50 children before and after exclusion of food allergens]. Pediatr Med Chir. 1988 Nov-Dec;10(6):617-20. Italian.
  • Taylor SL, Bush RK, Selner JC, Nordlee JA, Wiener MB, Holden K, Koepke JW, Busse WW. Sensitivity to sulfited foods among sulfite-sensitive subjects with asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1988 Jun;81(6):1159-67.
  • Hausen BM, Andersen KE, Helander I, Gensch KH. Lettuce allergy: sensitizing potency of allergens. Contact Dermatitis. 1986 Oct;15(4):246-9.
  • Panush RS, Stroud RM, Webster EM. Food-induced (allergic) arthritis. Inflammatory arthritis exacerbated by milk. Arthritis Rheum. 1986 Feb;29(2):220-6.
  • Fregert S, Sjoborg S. Unsuspected lettuce immediate allergy in a case of delayed metal allergy. Contact Dermatitis. 1982 Jul;8(4):265.
  • Krook G. Occupational dermatitis from Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Cichorium (endive). Simultaneous occurrence of immediate and delayed allergy as a cause of contact dermatitis. Contact Dermatitis. 1977 Feb;3(1):27-36.
  • Lovell CR.1993, Plants and the Skin, Blackwell, Oxford.
  • Mitchell JC, Rook A, 1979, Botanical Dermatology, Plants and Plant products injurious to the skin, Greengrass, Vancouver.
  • Botanical Dermatology Database.

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DermNet® - Lettuce (2024)

FAQs

Is it okay to eat lettuce that is turning pink? ›

The pink to reddish-brown pigments that develop on pieces of lettuce or the tips of lettuce occur when the plant is stressed, but the pigments, known as anthocyanins, don't pose a health risk. “Other than being unsightly, they are edible,” says the professor.

Can lettuce cause digestive issues? ›

In some patients lettuce produces abdominal distension, which is not related to gas, but rather to an uncontrolled reaction of the abdominal muscles and the diaphragm. Hence, learning to control the abdominal muscles may prevent distension with no need of dietary restrictions.

How many days is a head of lettuce good for? ›

Depending on the type of produce, lettuce can generally be stored in the fridge for up to 10 days when properly washed or prepared. While most varieties of lettuce can usually last between 7–10 days in the fridge, it's best to use freshly chopped or shredded lettuce quickly, within about 2–3 days.

Is lettuce safe to eat when it turns red? ›

The rusty discoloration may be unsightly, but it doesn't make the lettuce unsafe to eat, Sabatini said. You can just chop it off if it bothers you. “As long as your lettuce is still crisp and the rest of the leaves appear vibrant and firm, it's safe to eat the pink parts,” she explained.

Is it okay to eat lettuce that is a little brown? ›

Lettuce with russet spotting is completely safe to eat. No matter how strange it may look, this discoloration is purely a cosmetic flaw. As long as there are no other warning signs with your lettuce (like sliminess or foul odors) you can go ahead and eat it.

How to know if lettuce has gone bad? ›

When romaine lettuce spoils, the head feels soft to the touch. Peeling away outer leaves might reveal a fresh core, but slimy leaves are usually a bad sign. Mushy romaine lettuce with an unpleasant odor should always be thrown away.

Why do I feel weird after eating lettuce? ›

The reason being is that when you eat vegetables the bacteria in your digestive track starts to break them down. When this happens there can be a release of hydrogen sulfide which has been known to cause sickness in some individuals.

What causes rapid bowel movement after eating? ›

The most likely cause of needing to poop right after eating is the gastrocolic reflex. This reflex is a normal involuntary reaction to food entering the stomach. It does not mean food is passing straight through the body. It can take 1–2 days before food finishes its journey through a person's digestive tract.

What does lettuce do to your gut? ›

Veggies like mushrooms, baby spinach, bean sprouts, lettuce, and peas can be good for boosting your gut health, specifically. These vegetables are great for your gut because of their fiber or water contents, or because they contain plant compounds called polyphenols.

Why does aluminum foil keep lettuce fresh? ›

"Aluminum does not, on its own, have any specific synergies with lettuce. If it's protective it's either protecting it from drying out or it has just the right permeability to allow the lettuce to breathe without drying it out (aluminum foil IS permeable)," says Nestrud.

How do restaurants keep lettuce crisp? ›

That's why restaurants store their lettuce in special perforated bins that allow for air circulation while it's held in the fridge. Removing the air does help prevent oxidation, which is what causes lettuce to turn brown but has nothing to do with lettuce staying crisp.

When should you not eat lettuce? ›

Look for brown or black leaves that indicate rotting.

Discolored lettuce often feels slimy and smells bad as well. Small brown spots usually aren't harmful if you eat them. You can also cut around them if the rest of the lettuce leaf is still healthy.

What is the safest lettuce to eat? ›

Q: Are some types of lettuce safer than others? A: Because contamination can happen anywhere from farm to table, no single type of leafy green is risk-free. But hydroponic lettuces (which are greenhouse-grown) are less likely to be contaminated by bacteria from animal droppings.

How to tell if bagged salad is bad? ›

When it comes to salad leaves, common signs of spoilage include wilting, sliminess, foul odor, or change of color, says Havern. "You should also check the bottom of the bag, because spoilage may occur at the bottom of the bag first," says Worobo.

What color is lettuce when it goes bad? ›

Look for brown or black leaves that indicate rotting.

When the dark spots appear on multiple leaves in place of these colors, your lettuce is on its way out. Discolored lettuce often feels slimy and smells bad as well.

Why is my lettuce turning red in the fridge? ›

Lettuce can turn pink. The discoloration could be caused by several factors, including exposure to ethylene gas emitted by produce stored with the greens, fluctuations in temperature or exposure to too much oxygen. But, the lettuce is still entirely edible.

How do you know if you ate bad lettuce? ›

The symptoms

The CDC says that infection varies for each person, but common symptoms include severe stomach cramps, bloody diarrhea and vomiting. Some patients may develop a fever of less than 101 degrees. "Most people get better within five to seven days," says the CDC.

Is it okay to eat expired lettuce? ›

As lettuce lasts between seven to 10 days from purchase (via Food Network), a good rule of thumb would be to not eat lettuce that is three to four days past the "Best By" date printed on the packaging.

References

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