Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center | St. Thomas Medical Group (2024)

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

Overview

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) affects the large intestine (colon) and can cause bloating, abdominal cramping and a change in bowel habits. Some patients with IBS have constipation while others have diarrhea. Some people go back and forth between the two. Although IBS is uncomfortable, it does not harm the colon.

IBS is common and more frequently affects women than men. No one knows the exact cause of IBS, but most people can control symptoms with a change in diet, medicine and stress management.

Symptoms of IBS:

  • Pain or cramping in the abdominal area
  • Diarrhea
  • Constipation
  • Mucus in the stool
  • Flatulence
  • Uncomfortable bloating

Risk Factors of IBS

  • Being female—more women are diagnosed with IBS than men.
  • Family history—People with a close relative, such as a parent or brother or sister, with IBS are at higher risk for IBS. It is unclear as to whether the risk results more from shared genetics or a common environment.
  • Being under 35 years of age—At least half of all people who are diagnosed with IBS are under 35 years of age.

Even though IBS is not harmful, it can be confused with other conditions. IBS symptoms may be similar to other diseases such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis or even colon cancer. It is imperative that you see a doctor if you have significant changes in your bowel habits because IBS symptoms could be an indication of a more serious problem.

Tests to Diagnose IBS

There are no physical signs to diagnose IBS, so diagnosis usually occurs by a process of elimination. To be diagnosed with IBS, the most important symptom is abdominal pain that lasts at least 12 weeks (not necessarily consecutive). Other criteria include mucus in the stool, bloating, bowel straining and urgency and changes in the stool.

If a diagnosis of IBS seems fairly certain, a doctor may recommend treatment without any testing. If there are any reasons for concern, however, a doctor may recommend one or more of the following procedures.

  • Colonoscopy- A test that examines the lining of the entire colon to check for polyps, inflammation and abnormalities.
  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy- A procedure that uses a flexible tube to examine the the lower part of the colon.
  • Computerized tomography (CT) scan- this test will show a cross-section of the internal organs and help diagnose other issues.
  • Lactose intolerance tests- if lactase is not present in the body to break down milk sugar, you may exhibit some of the same symptoms as IBS such as cramping, bloating, constipation or diarrhea. This test can help differentiate between lactose intolerance and IBS.
  • Blood test- Celiac disease, an allergic reaction to gluten, can have similar symptoms to IBS. A blood test can help exclude celiac disease.

Treatment for IBS

There is no cure for IBS, so the goal is to manage the symptoms.

  • Controlling the diet—some people discover that certain foods will trigger IBS symptoms. Common triggers include alcohol, chocolate, carbonated beverages, certain fruits or vegetables or milk. Keeping a food journal and recording foods that cause constipation or diarrhea can be helpful.
  • Stress management—like many other diseases and conditions, stress can make IBS worse. Planning ahead, making lists, meditating, taking time to relax and avoiding stressful situations can prevent aggravation of symptoms.
  • Fiber supplements—Taking fiber supplements can help control constipation.
  • Anti-diarrheal medications
  • Anticholinergic medications—these drugs can help control painful intestinal spasms.

Medication for IBS

  • Alosetron (Lotronex)—this medication was approved by the FDA, removed from the market, and now is approved again with restrictions. Alosetron helps relax the colon and slow down the bowels. It is only used when diarrhea is the prominent symptoms, and usually used when all other treatments have failed.
  • Lubiprostone (Amitiza)—this drug increases fluids in the small intestine to help move the stool. It is generally only prescribed for patients with severe constipation when other treatments have been ineffective.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) | Gastroenterology Endoscopy Center | St. Thomas Medical Group (2024)

FAQs

What's best to eat when IBS flares up? ›

Foods to include during an IBS-D flare
  • Lean protein. Include lean meats, eggs, and fish to ensure adequate protein intake during an IBS flare. ...
  • Fruits. Berries and other fruits with seeds are harder to digest. ...
  • Vegetables. Fresh vegetables are a mainstay in a balanced diet. ...
  • Grains. ...
  • Dairy.

What is the best medication for IBS? ›

Medications specifically for IBS
  • Alosetron (Lotronex). Alosetron is designed to relax the colon and slow the movement of waste through the lower bowel. ...
  • Eluxadoline (Viberzi). ...
  • Rifaximin (Xifaxan). ...
  • Lubiprostone (Amitiza). ...
  • Linaclotide (Linzess).
May 12, 2023

What is the max disability for IBS? ›

A Severe Rating

If the IBS case involves diarrhea or alternating bouts of constipation and diarrhea – along with constant abdominal distress – it is deemed severe, and it receives the highest disability rating for IBS cases, which is 30 percent.

What is the number one trigger for IBS? ›

Anything high in fat content like fatty meats, cold cuts, fried foods or foods cooked heavily in oil. Dairy, especially cheese can cause trouble for many people with IBS. Beverages in general pose a problem due to carbonation, sugar content or caffeine. Alcohol is also a common trigger and should be avoided or limited.

Is salad bad for IBS? ›

For example, if you suffer from IBS diarrhea symptoms, you'll want to eat lower fiber and easier to digest foods during this time. A large salad loaded with raw vegetables, while generally super healthy, will usually make things worse for an IBS patient.

Are bananas good for IBS? ›

Unripe bananas are low in FODMAPS and therefore a better choice for people with IBS — although they're not as sweet or soft as ripe bananas. However, as bananas ripen, they accumulate a type of FODMAP called oligofructans. Therefore, ripe bananas are considered a high FODMAP food (6, 7 ).

Is peanut butter good for IBS? ›

If you have IBS and love peanut butter, good news! Peanut butter is a low FODMAP food. In its simplest form, it is just made of dry roasted peanuts, salt and oil, all of which are allowed on a low FODMAP diet. However, some brands add refined sugar and flavourings to enhance the peanut butter's taste.

Can you eat eggs with IBS? ›

Eggs. Eggs digest easily and are a safe choice for people with IBS. Eggs can be enjoyed hard-boiled, soft-boiled, scrambled, or poached. Omelets and frittatas can be your meal of choice for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, and make a great option when eating out in a restaurant.

How do I get rid of IBS ASAP? ›

IBS pain is difficult to stop instantly, but things like OTC pain medication, a heating pad, gentle abdominal massage, deep breathing, yoga, and peppermint oil may help symptoms resolve more quickly.

What is the ultimate cure for IBS? ›

There's no cure for irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D), but there are ways to calm your symptoms down and get some relief. First, your doctor will likely suggest changes to your diet to see if your symptoms get better.

What do IBS stools look like? ›

If you have IBS with diarrhea, you will have frequent, loose, watery stools. You may have an urgent need to have a bowel movement, which may be hard to control. If you have IBS with constipation, you will have a hard time passing stool, as well as fewer bowel movements.

Is IBS an autoimmune disease? ›

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is considered a functional bowel disorder, not an autoimmune disease. However, certain autoimmune diseases produce symptoms similar to IBS and you can have an autoimmune disease and IBS at the same time.

Do you get money for having IBS? ›

Whether or not your Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) qualifies as a disability depends almost entirely on how your symptoms affect your ability to work. An IBS diagnosis alone will not be enough to get your long term disability claim approved.

Does IBS qualify for Social Security? ›

The SSA, which provides disability benefits, does not consider IBS a disability. However, a person with the condition could still qualify for SSA benefits if they can prove they cannot perform meaningful work.

What are the 5 best foods for IBS? ›

The Best Foods for IBS
  1. Salmon. Sarah Schlichter, M.P.H., RDN, a registered dietitian at Bucket List Tummy, tells EatingWell, “Salmon and other fatty fish are high in unsaturated omega-3 fatty acids, EPA and DHA. ...
  2. Bell Peppers. ...
  3. Lean Meat. ...
  4. Avocado. ...
  5. Eggs. ...
  6. Sweet Potatoes. ...
  7. Spinach. ...
  8. Kiwi.
Nov 10, 2023

How do you calm down an IBS flare-up? ›

IBS pain is difficult to stop instantly, but things like OTC pain medication, a heating pad, gentle abdominal massage, deep breathing, yoga, and peppermint oil may help symptoms resolve more quickly.

Are potatoes bad for IBS? ›

Some people with IBS find cooked potatoes are easy to digest, which is good news because baked or boiled potatoes are a natural source of nutrients like potassium. Depending on how well a person with IBS tolerates fiber, the skin of the potato may need to be removed before it's cooked.

Is pasta bad for IBS? ›

Even if you don't have celiac disease, you may have difficulty eating foods made with gluten-containing grains. That could be because they contain fructans, ​a type of FODMAP that is bothersome for many people with IBS. Gluten-containing foods include many popular items like pasta, bread, and baked goods.

References

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