Kombucha Tea: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

Aloulou, A., Hamden, K., Elloumi, D., Ali, M. B., Hargafi, K., Jaouadi, B., Ayadi, F., Elfeki, A., and Ammar, E. Hypoglycemic and antilipidemic properties of kombucha tea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. BMC.Complement Altern.Med. 2012;12:63. View abstract.

Banerjee, D., Hassarajani, S. A., Maity, B., Narayan, G., Bandyopadhyay, S. K., and Chattopadhyay, S. Comparative healing property of kombucha tea and black tea against indomethacin-induced gastric ulceration in mice: possible mechanism of action. Food Funct. 2010;1(3):284-293. View abstract.

Belloso-Morales, G. and Hernandez-Sanchez, H. Manufacture of a beverage from cheese whey using a "tea fungus" fermentation. Rev.Latinoam.Microbiol. 2003;45(1-2):5-11. View abstract.

Bhattacharya, S., Gachhui, R., and Sil, P. C. Hepatoprotective properties of kombucha tea against TBHP-induced oxidative stress via suppression of mitochondria dependent apoptosis. Pathophysiology. 2011;18(3):221-234. View abstract.

Bhattacharya, S., Manna, P., Gachhui, R., and Sil, P. C. Protective effect of kombucha tea against tertiary butyl hydroperoxide induced cytotoxicity and cell death in murine hepatocytes. Indian J.Exp.Biol. 2011;49(7):511-524. View abstract.

Boesch, C., Trcek, J., Sievers, M., and Teuber, M. Acetobacter intermedius, sp. nov. Syst.Appl.Microbiol. 1998;21(2):220-229. View abstract.

Cetojevic-Simin, D. D., Bogdanovic, G. M., Cvetkovic, D. D., and Velicanski, A. S. Antiproliferative and antimicrobial activity of traditional Kombucha and Satureja montana L. Kombucha. J.BUON. 2008;13(3):395-401. View abstract.

Chen, C. and Liu, B. Y. Changes in major components of tea fungus metabolites during prolonged fermentation. J.Appl.Microbiol. 2000;89(5):834-839. View abstract.

Derk, C. T., Sandorfi, N., and Curtis, M. T. A case of anti-Jo1 myositis with pleural effusions and pericardial tamponade developing after exposure to a fermented Kombucha beverage. Clin.Rheumatol. 2004;23(4):355-357. View abstract.

Dipti, P., Yogesh, B., Kain, A. K., Pauline, T., Anju, B., Sairam, M., Singh, B., Mongia, S. S., Kumar, G. I., and Selvamurthy, W. Lead induced oxidative stress: beneficial effects of Kombucha tea. Biomed.Environ.Sci. 2003;16(3):276-282. View abstract.

Dutta, D. and Gachhui, R. Nitrogen-fixing and cellulose-producing Gluconacetobacter kombuchae sp. nov., isolated from Kombucha tea. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol. 2007;57(Pt 2):353-357. View abstract.

Dutta, D. and Gachhui, R. Novel nitrogen-fixing Acetobacter nitrogenifigens sp. nov., isolated from Kombucha tea. Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol. 2006;56(Pt 8):1899-1903. View abstract.

Ernst, E. Kombucha: a systematic review of the clinical evidence. Forsch.Komplementarmed.Klass.Naturheilkd. 2003;10(2):85-87. View abstract.

Gamundi, R. and Valdivia, M. [The Kombucha mushroom: two different opinions]. Sidahora. 1995;34-35. View abstract.

Gharib, O. A. Effects of Kombucha on oxidative stress induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Chin Med. 2009;4:23. View abstract.

Gorjanovic, S., Komes, D., Pastor, F. T., Belscak-Cvitanovic, A., Pezo, L., Hecimovic, I., and Suznjevic, D. Antioxidant capacity of teas and herbal infusions: polarographic assessment. J.Agric.Food Chem. 9-26-2012;60(38):9573-9580. View abstract.

Greenwalt, C. J., Steinkraus, K. H., and Ledford, R. A. Kombucha, the fermented tea: microbiology, composition, and claimed health effects. J.Food Prot. 2000;63(7):976-981. View abstract.

Hartmann, A. M., Burleson, L. E., Holmes, A. K., and Geist, C. R. Effects of chronic kombucha ingestion on open-field behaviors, longevity, appetitive behaviors, and organs in c57-bl/6 mice: a pilot study. Nutrition 2000;16(9):755-761. View abstract.

Hauser, S. P. [Dr. Sklenar's Kombucha mushroom infusion--a biological cancer therapy. Documentation No. 18]. Schweiz.Rundsch.Med.Prax. 2-27-1990;79(9):243-246. View abstract.

Ibrahim, N. D., Kwanashie, H. O., Njoku, C. O., and Olurinola, P. F. Screening of "Kargasok tea". IV: Studies of pathological effects in BALB/C mice and Wistar rats. Vet.Hum.Toxicol. 1993;35(5):399-402. View abstract.

Ishida, Y. Kombucha. Med.J.Aust. 5-3-1999;170(9):454. View abstract.

Jayabalan, R., Marimuthu, S., Thangaraj, P., Sathishkumar, M., Binupriya, A. R., Swaminathan, K., and Yun, S. E. Preservation of kombucha tea-effect of temperature on tea components and free radical scavenging properties. J.Agric.Food Chem. 10-8-2008;56(19):9064-9071. View abstract.

Kurtzman, C. P., Robnett, C. J., and Basehoar-Powers, E. Zygosaccharomyces kombuchaensis, a new ascosporogenous yeast from 'Kombucha tea'. FEMS Yeast Res. 2001;1(2):133-138. View abstract.

Kwanashie, H. O., Usman, H., and Nkim, S. A. Screening of 'kargasok tea.' I: Anorexia and obesity. Biochem.Soc.Trans. 1989;17(6):1132-1133. View abstract.

Maghsoudi, H. and Mohammadi, H. B. The effect of Kombucha on post-operative intra-abdominal adhesion formation in rats. Indian J.Surg. 2009;71(2):73-77. View abstract.

Mayser, P., Fromme, S., Leitzmann, C., and Grunder, K. The yeast spectrum of the 'tea fungus Kombucha'. Mycoses 1995;38(7-8):289-295. View abstract.

McNaughton, C. and Eidsness, L. M. Ethics of alternative therapies. S.D.J.Med. 1995;48(7):209-211. View abstract.

Murugesan, G. S., Sathishkumar, M., Jayabalan, R., Binupriya, A. R., Swaminathan, K., and Yun, S. E. Hepatoprotective and curative properties of Kombucha tea against carbon tetrachloride-induced toxicity. J.Microbiol.Biotechnol. 2009;19(4):397-402. View abstract.

Nguyen, V. T., Flanagan, B., Gidley, M. J., and Dykes, G. A. Characterization of cellulose production by a Gluconacetobacter xylinus strain from Kombucha. Curr.Microbiol. 2008;57(5):449-453. View abstract.

No author. Is Kombucha tea safe to drink? Mayo Clin.Womens Healthsource. 2011;15(7):8. View abstract.

No author. Kombucha--toxicity alert. Crit Path.AIDS Proj. 1994;(No 30):31-32. View abstract.

No author. Unexplained severe illness possibly associated with consumption of Kombucha tea--Iowa, 1995. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 1-10-1996;275(2):96-98. View abstract.

Pauline, T., Dipti, P., Anju, B., Kavimani, S., Sharma, S. K., Kain, A. K., Sarada, S. K., Sairam, M., Ilavazhagan, G., Devendra, K., and Selvamurthy, W. Studies on toxicity, anti-stress and hepato-protective properties of Kombucha tea. Biomed.Environ.Sci. 2001;14(3):207-213. View abstract.

Pedraza, R. O. Recent advances in nitrogen-fixing acetic acid bacteria. Int.J.Food Microbiol. 6-30-2008;125(1):25-35. View abstract.

Perron, A. D., Patterson, J. A., and Yanofsky, N. N. Kombucha "mushroom" hepatotoxicity. Ann.Emerg.Med. 1995;26(5):660-661. View abstract.

Sabouraud, S., Coppere, B., Rousseau, C., Testud, F., Pulce, C., Tholly, F., Blanc, M., Culoma, F., Facchin, A., Ninet, J., Chambon, P., Medina, B., and Descotes, J. [Environmental lead poisoning from lead-glazed earthenware used for storing drinks]. Rev.Med.Interne 2009;30(12):1038-1043. View abstract.

Sadjadi, J. Cutaneous anthrax associated with the Kombucha "mushroom" in Iran. JAMA 11-11-1998;280(18):1567-1568. View abstract.

Sai, Ram M., Anju, B., Pauline, T., Dipti, P., Kain, A. K., Mongia, S. S., Sharma, S. K., Singh, B., Singh, R., Ilavazhagan, G., Kumar, D., and Selvamurthy, W. Effect of Kombucha tea on chromate(VI)-induced oxidative stress in albino rats. J.Ethnopharmacol. 2000;71(1-2):235-240. View abstract.

Sreeramulu, G., Zhu, Y., and Knol, W. Kombucha fermentation and its antimicrobial activity. J.Agric.Food Chem. 2000;48(6):2589-2594. View abstract.

SungHee, Kole A., Jones, H. D., Christensen, R., and Gladstein, J. A case of Kombucha tea toxicity. J.Intensive Care Med. 2009;24(3):205-207. View abstract.

Takasuna, K., Hagiwara, T., Hirohashi, M., Kato, M., Nomura, M., Nagai, E., Yokoi, T., and Kamataki, T. Involvement of beta-glucuronidase in intestinal microflora in the intestinal toxicity of the antitumor camptothecin derivative irinotecan hydrochloride (CPT-11) in rats. Cancer Res. 8-15-1996;56(16):3752-3757. View abstract.

Teoh, A. L., Heard, G., and Cox, J. Yeast ecology of Kombucha fermentation. Int.J.Food Microbiol. 9-1-2004;95(2):119-126. View abstract.

Vijayaraghavan, R., Singh, M., Rao, P. V., Bhattacharya, R., Kumar, P., Sugendran, K., Kumar, O., Pant, S. C., and Singh, R. Subacute (90 days) oral toxicity studies of Kombucha tea. Biomed.Environ.Sci. 2000;13(4):293-299. View abstract.

Wang, K., Gan, X., Tang, X., Wang, S., and Tan, H. Determination of D-saccharic acid-1,4-lactone from brewed kombucha broth by high-performance capillary electrophoresis. J.Chromatogr.B Analyt.Technol.Biomed.Life Sci. 2-1-2010;878(3-4):371-374. View abstract.

Yang, Z., Zhou, F., Ji, B., Li, B., Luo, Y., Yang, L., and Li, T. Symbiosis between microorganisms from kombucha and kefir: Potential significance to the enhancement of kombucha function. Appl.Biochem.Biotechnol. 2010;160(2):446-455. View abstract.

Yapar, K., Cavusoglu, K., Oruc, E., and Yalcin, E. Protective effect of kombucha mushroom (KM) tea on phenol-induced cytotoxicity in albino mice. J.Environ.Biol. 2010;31(5):615-621. View abstract.

CDC. Unexplained severe illness possibly associated with consumption of Kombucha tea-Iowa, 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1995;44:892-3,899-900. View abstract.

FDA Talk Paper. FDA Cautions Consumers on "Kombucha Mushroom Tea." Available at: www.vm.cfsan.fda.gov/~lrd/TPMUSHRM.html

Gamundi R, Valdivia M. The Kombucha mushroom: two different opinions. Sidahora 1995;90:34-5.

Kombucha-toxicity alert. Crit Path AIDS Proj, 1994;30:31-32 1994-5.

Majchrowicz M. Kombucha: a dubious "cure". GMHC Treat Issues 1995;9:10.

Phan TG, Estell J, Duggin G, et al. Lead poisoning from drinking Kombucha tea brewed in a ceramic pot. Med J Aust 1998;169:644-6. View abstract.

Sadjadi J. Anthrax associated with the Kombucha mushroom in Iran. JAMA 1998;280:1567-8.

Srinivasan R, Smolinske S, Greenbaum DJ. Probable gastrointestinal toxicity of Kombucha tea: is this beverage healthy or harmful? J Gen Intern Med 1997;12:643-4. View abstract.

Kombucha Tea: Health Benefits, Side Effects, Uses, Dose & Precautions (2024)

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