Pickling — The Culinary Pro (2024)

Pickling

Pickling is a form of brining used to preserve foods. This practice was thought to have started in India, where the cucumber originated.

Pickling Science

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (1)

The pickling process is carried out in one of two ways. One method is through anaerobic fermentation in a brine that creates lactic acid. The other method is marinating and storing it in an acid solution, usually vinegar (acetic acid). Although pickling is closely linked with cucumbers, this process can preserve any vegetable. German sauerkraut and Korean kimchi are two well-known pickled foods. The result is a salty, sour taste with sugar, herbs, and spices.
Pickling will preserve perishable foods for months because of the low pH, less than 4.6. Spices, including mustard seed, garlic, cinnamon, or cloves, are added for seasoning because of their reputed antimicrobial effect.

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (2)

Lactic acid bacteria is naturally present in many foods that feeds on unfavorable bacteria in the pickling process. By salting the vegetables moisture is drawn out of the product producing a brine. The salt prevents other bacteria from growing and allows lactic acid bacteria to digest sugars in the vegetables creating acids that give the pickles their characteristic sour tang.

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (3)

Natural fermentation in pickling starts with a simple brine of water along with other seasonings, garlic, chilies, peppercorns, and fresh herbs including thyme, tarragon, or dill. The salt solution is 5% of the weight of water or about 2oz. /50g per quart/liter. The ideal temperature range for lactic acid fermentation is 70°F–75°F. Keep the product submerged in the brine to control the oxygen level and prevent unfavorable bacteria from growing.

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (4)

Fresh Pack Pickling

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (5)

Pickling in vinegar is a quicker process because there is no fermentation activity. Vegetables, fish, eggs, pork hocks or feet, and sausages are pickled this way. Vegetables and fish are usually pickled raw, while meats need to be fully cooked. The product is either salted or brined for several hours or days, drained, and packed in a vinegar solution that includes salt, sugar, and spices. The acid of the vinegar keeps bacteria at a minimum. White distilled cider and wine vinegar of 5 percent acidity (50 grains) are recommended. White vinegar is preferred for lighter-colored vegetables, including cauliflower. Allow the vegetables to sit in the brine for a week for flavor development. Pickled products can be refrigerated for several weeks but are often canned and heat-processed, extending their shelf life to one year.

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (6)

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (7)

Pickling — The Culinary Pro (2024)

FAQs

What is the 321 method of pickling? ›

3-2-1 pickles 3 parts vinegar 2 parts water 1 part white sugar Peel your pickling onions and heavily salt them. Leave them uncovered in the fridge over night to sweat. In the morning rinse them off and pop them into a sterile, airtight jar and add your sugar and vinegar.

How do you pickle like a pro? ›

Simmer water, vinegar, salt, and sugar in a pot until sugar is dissolved. Let cool and prep your veggies in glass jars with seasoning of choice. Pour brine into the jars, top with lids, cool, and then let pickles sit in the refrigerator for at least 24 hours (or let the flavors develop for several days).

What are the 4 methods of pickling? ›

There are four general methods for pickling: quick, salt-brined, vinegar-brined and fermented. Within those basic pickling techniques, there exist many variations to pickle different vegetables and fruits and to make relishes and chutneys.

Can you speed up the pickling process? ›

Once the brine is hot and ready, pour it into your jars—leaving ½ inch of headspace between the liquid and the rim for liquid-induced expansion—and screw on the lids. The heat will soften your veg a little and speed up the pickling process.

Can you use 7% vinegar for pickling? ›

You can use any kind of vinegar, as long as it is at least 5% acid. Some vinegars will add another layer of flavor to your pickles. Some vinegars will add color to your pickles, this may or may not be desirable.

Why do you boil water and vinegar when pickling? ›

You take all of your ingredients, apart from the product that is being pickled, and bring them to a boil. The heating process helps activate the flavors in the brine and marry them together. This hot brine is then poured over what is to be pickled and then stored in the refrigerator.

How do chefs pickle so quickly? ›

Quick pickles are also known as refrigerator pickles.

They are simply vegetables that are pickled in a vinegar, water, and salt (sometimes sugar, too) solution and stored in the refrigerator.

What are the don'ts of pickling? ›

Some points to remember:
  • Do not change the proportions of vinegar, cucumber or water in the recipe you use.
  • Never use vinegar with unknown acidity. ...
  • Do not dilute vinegar unless the recipe specifies. ...
  • Some very old recipes were based on a pickling vinegar of 10% strength.

What is the ratio of salt to vinegar for pickles? ›

The classic ratio is super easy to remember and is easily scale-able depending on how many pickles you're making. It's 100% vinegar, 50% water, 25% sugar and 12.5% kosher salt by weight. So for example, 200g vinegar, 100g water, 50g sugar and 25g kosher salt (again, you can scale this up or down!).

How to pickle beginners? ›

The basic method is to pack your fresh produce & any other spices into sterilized canning jars, pour a vinegar-based pickling brine into the jars to completely submerge the produce, and then preserve the jars with the water bath canning method. Certain produce, like asparagus, is blanched before pickling.

What is the best pickling solution? ›

Pickling liquid:
  • 1 cup white vinegar or sub rice vinegar.
  • 1 cup sugar.
  • 1 cup water.
  • 2 bay leaves.
  • 1 x 2-inch piece fresh ginger.
  • 2 allspice berries.
  • 2 juniper berries.
  • 1 tbsp coriander seeds.
May 20, 2020

Do pickles need to be completely covered in brine? ›

After the vegetables are placed in the container and covered with brine, they must be completely submerged in the brine. A heavy plate or glass lid that fits down inside the container can be used.

What are some mistakes when pickling? ›

Using too weak a salt brine or vinegar solution may cause soft or slippery pickles, as can using moldy garlic or storing the pickles at too warm a temperature. These pickles are spoiled and should be discarded. Pack pickles to allow sufficient room for the pickling solution to surround each piece.

What kind of vinegar is best for pickles? ›

Distilled white vinegar

Because of its clarity, it maintains colour and flavour of the produce being pickled. This makes it ideal for pale produce you don't want to discolour like fruits and white vegetables like cauliflower or onions.

How long do pickles need to sit after pickling? ›

To allow pickles to mellow and develop a delicious flavor, wait at least 3 weeks before eating! Keep in mind that pickles may be ready to enjoy earlier. It's all up to you and your tastes! Just don't let them go too long or the veggies' texture can deteriorate and turn rubbery.

What is the temperature for 321 method? ›

What temp for 321 ribs? For your smoking temperature, set your smoker at around 225°F to 250°F. For your internal temperature make sure that your ribs hit 200°F. What are the best sauces and rubs for 321 ribs? Choosing a sauce and a rub entirely depends on your pallette.

What is the basic pickling formula? ›

The classic ratio is super easy to remember and is easily scale-able depending on how many pickles you're making. It's 100% vinegar, 50% water, 25% sugar and 12.5% kosher salt by weight.

What are the 3 types of pickling solution? ›

There are three general methods for vinegar-brine pickling: quick-pickling, salt-brine pickling and the vinegar-brine soak and rinse method. Within those methods, there exist many variations, recipes and approaches to make things like relishes and chutneys.

What is the ratio of 9 5 3 1 pickling? ›

My pickling liquid is a 9 to 5 to 3 to one ratio. I also converted into cups for you guys. So 9 rice vinegar, 5 water, 3 sugar, one salt. You can also add spices, but I'm showing you the simple version right now.

References

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